IoT scenarios in logistics

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an umbrella term for technologies that form part of a global infrastructure, enabling physical and virtual objects to be connected to one another. Industrial IoT specifically addresses the need for businesses to increase the level of automation through the use of smart devices.

The IoT is currently gaining a great deal of momentum. Sensors and devices are becoming smaller, consume less energy and, in many cases, are becoming more affordable. Many devices are already ‘smart’ by design, meaning they have network connectivity and can be used on the move. The 5G standard is also being increasingly expanded to include Narrowband IoT, enabling businesses to exchange information over long distances whilst conserving resources.

Below, we take a look at the architecture and application scenarios for the logistics sector.

Applications for sensors

In logistics processes on factory premises or in warehouses, there are many points where environmental variables are recorded, processed and made available via sensors in order to digitise and automate processes: temperature sensors, for example, can be integrated very effectively into the IT landscape using IoT. Measurement data can be used for quality checks and to generate alerts.

Often, the same smart sensors can also measure air pressure and humidity, which is particularly useful in the manufacturing sector or when dealing with bulk materials. Motion or tilt sensors in mechanical and plant engineering are capable of identifying accidents. If, for example, a critical event has been reported, a notification can be issued highlighting the need for a system check to help ensure compliance with quality standards.

Application example: smart loading bay calls

To reduce the time lorries spend stationary and queuing on the factory premises, it makes sense to track arrivals and departures at locations in real time. Sensors can be used to detect whether a loading bay is currently free or occupied. As soon as a loading bay becomes free, the next waiting lorry driver is notified so that they can drive to the bay that has just become available. Logistics companies can use all the information gathered in this way, in a processed form, to generate statistics for further planning and capacity utilisation overviews.

The information collected allows conclusions to be drawn about the current status and provides an important basis for preventive maintenance. Furthermore, those responsible can use the data for statistics and machine learning.

IoT: here to stay

Anyone who collects and analyses data also wants to derive further insights and draw conclusions from it. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly supporting businesses in their data analysis. The trend towards automation and digitalisation is driving the use of IoT devices. Smart maintenance – including predictive maintenance – and remote maintenance are also playing an increasingly important role in the automation of processes.

To remain competitive and avoid being left behind, it is now essential to identify areas of application for the IoT and to review existing IT architecture to ensure it is fit for the future.

Many thanks to our subsidiary leogistics for this guest article. leogistics GmbH is a global logistics consultancy specialising in supply chain management.